Altruism and Helping Associations Entrepreneurship 
iMarketSmart
MAY 8, 2023
In a scale, it might look like this: Helpful reciprocity Loved one (lover, spouse, close family) Friend Teammate Colleague Neighbor Community member Transactional reciprocity Customer Merchant Stranger Harmful reciprocity Competitor Enemy Relationship signals are reciprocity signals. It’s saying, “We’re not here to help you!”
Stanford Social Innovation Review
MARCH 13, 2024
This theory relates to what American economist James Andreoni calls impure altruism , the inherent tension between philanthropy and self-interest. The intellectual most associated with classical utilitarianism (also known as consequentialism) is the 18th-century British philosopher and legal scholar Jeremy Bentham.
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